This delay would end up working to the Americans' advantage as it helped to convince the British that the Americans were not planning any significant actions against the Six Nations.īritish distrust of their allies worked in the Americans' favor as well. The expedition was supposed to begin in May, but was held up due to a lack of supplies and the need to construct military roads through the wilderness areas. Sullivan at Tioga (on the Pennsylvania-New York border), the combined force would move into the heart of Six Nations' land. Clinton's force would then move southwest through New York, destroying whatever Indian villages were in its path.
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The New York Brigade under Clinton was to assemble at Canajoharie on the Mohawk River. It was decided to invade the Six Nations by moving north up the Susquehanna River from Pennsylvania. In addition to this main operation, two smaller expeditions would destroy Seneca settlements in western Pennsylvania and Onondaga settlements in central New York. This force of regulars was made up of troops from New York, New Jersey, New Hampshire, and Pennsylvania, and was augmented by smaller groups of riflemen, militia, and Oneida Indians. The fact that four brigades of Continental troops totaling around 4,469 men were earmarked for this expedition underlines just how important the Americans felt this enterprise was. In effect, the Americans would employ the Indians own tactics against them.Ĭommand of the expedition was given to General John Sullivan, with General James Clinton serving as his second in command.
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A further goal of the expedition was to take a large number of Indians prisoners, to be held as hostages to help ensure the "good behavior" of the Indians in the future. At the very least, it was hoped that the Six Nation's ability to remain on the attack would be permanently crippled. At the very best, it was hoped this expedition would force the Six Nations to sue for peace with the Americans. The goal of the expedition would be to completely destroy the principal villages and food supplies of the Cayuga and Seneca Indian Nations. In response to this situation, General Washington decided to commit a better part of the Continental Army to destroying the ability of the Six Nations to wage war on the Americans. By 1779, New York Governor George Clinton was reporting that the frontier of New York would be pushed back to the Hudson River if these raids were allowed to continue. This forced the settlements to be abandoned for a time, if not indefinitely. The raids crippled the American Continental Army by depriving it of food and manpower, and spread terror by destroying frontier settlements and taking prisoners.
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The American destruction of the Six Nations' homelands came as a result of the destructive raids carried out by the Indians and American loyalists on the frontiers of New York and Pennsylvania in 1778. Sullivan’s march from Easton to the Senaca & Cayuga countries, 1779.